Visit the Constitution House: Birthplace of Iran’s Democratic Movement

The Constitution House of Tabriz (Khaneh Mashrouteh) stands as one of Iran’s most significant historical monuments, commemorating the country’s Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1911. This elegant Qajar-era building served as a gathering place for revolutionaries and intellectuals who fought to establish democracy and limit the absolute power of the monarchy, making it a symbol of Iran’s struggle for democratic governance.

Historical Significance

During the early 20th century, this house belonged to Haj Mehdi Kouzehkonani, a prominent merchant who supported the constitutional movement. It became the secret meeting place for the leaders of the revolution in Tabriz, which was the center of resistance against authoritarian rule. The building witnessed crucial discussions and decisions that shaped modern Iranian history, including the drafting of plans that eventually led to the establishment of Iran’s first parliament (Majlis) and constitution.

Architectural Features

The Constitution House exemplifies traditional Persian residential architecture from the Qajar period:

• Two-Story Structure: Built around a central courtyard in the traditional Persian style.
• Intricate Brickwork: The facade features elegant brick patterns and decorative elements typical of Qajar architecture.
• Ornate Interiors: Several rooms display beautiful plasterwork, mirror work, and painted designs on ceilings and walls.
• Underground Chambers: Secret rooms and passageways where revolutionaries could hide or escape during raids.
• Traditional Windows: Elaborate orosi (stained glass) windows create colorful patterns when sunlight filters through them.

Museum Exhibits

Today, the Constitution House functions as a museum dedicated to preserving and presenting the history of Iran’s constitutional movement:

• Historical Documents: Original newspapers, manifestos, and correspondence from the revolutionary period.
• Personal Artifacts: Belongings of key revolutionary figures including weapons, clothing, and writing implements.
• Period Furniture: Authentic furnishings that recreate the atmosphere of early 20th-century Iran.
• Photographs: Rare images documenting key events and personalities of the revolution.
• Interactive Displays: Modern educational exhibits explaining the causes, events, and outcomes of the Constitutional Revolution.
• Revolutionary Press: Examples of printing equipment used to produce underground newspapers and revolutionary literature.

Cultural Impact

The Constitutional Revolution represented a pivotal moment in Iranian history, introducing concepts of democratic governance, civil liberties, and national sovereignty that continue to influence Iranian political discourse today. The Constitution House preserves this legacy, serving as both a memorial to those who fought for democratic ideals and an educational resource about this crucial historical movement.

Visitor Experience

A visit to the Constitution House offers an immersive journey into early 20th-century Iranian history. The well-preserved rooms and thoughtfully arranged exhibits create a powerful sense of connection to the revolutionaries who once gathered in these spaces. Information is presented in multiple languages, and guided tours can provide deeper insights into the complex historical events commemorated here.

Best Time to Visit

The museum is less crowded on weekday mornings. Allow approximately 1-2 hours to fully appreciate the exhibits and historical significance of the building. The natural light is best for viewing the architectural details and stained glass windows during mid-morning to early afternoon.

Visitor Tips

• Some knowledge of Iran’s modern history will enhance your appreciation of the exhibits
• Photography is usually permitted, though flash photography may be restricted in certain rooms
• Consider combining your visit with other historical sites in central Tabriz
• Look for the hidden passageways and secret meeting rooms, which highlight the clandestine nature of the revolutionary activities
• Check if English-speaking guides are available, as they can provide valuable context and stories not covered in the written materials

Nearby Attractions

• Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex: UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the oldest covered markets in the world
• Azerbaijan Museum: Housing artifacts from the prehistoric to the Islamic period
• Tabriz Municipality Palace: An impressive early 20th-century building showcasing European architectural influences