Explore the Towers of Silence: Ancient Zoroastrian Funerary Structures

The Towers of Silence (Dakhmeh) are ancient circular structures located on two lonely hilltops on the outskirts of Yazd. These towers offer a fascinating glimpse into the traditional Zoroastrian funerary practices that were followed for thousands of years until the 1970s in Iran.

Historical Significance

According to Zoroastrian belief, dead bodies would contaminate the sacred elements of earth, fire, and water if buried or cremated. Instead, the deceased were placed atop these circular towers to be exposed to birds of prey, primarily vultures, who would consume the flesh. This practice, known as “sky burial,” was considered the most ritually clean method of disposing of the dead, as it returned the physical body to nature while preserving the purity of the sacred elements.

Architecture and Design

The Yazd Towers of Silence consist of two main structures:

• Circular stone towers approximately 15 meters high
• A flat central platform where bodies were placed, with specially designed compartments for men, women, and children
• Drainage systems to collect rainwater and bodily fluids, which were filtered through layers of sand and charcoal
• A central pit where the bones would eventually be collected after being cleansed by the birds and sun
• Auxiliary buildings at the base, including ceremonial halls, quarters for priests, and facilities for ritual purification

Visitor Experience

Today, visitors can climb the hills to explore these historical structures and enjoy panoramic views of Yazd and the surrounding desert landscape. The site provides a powerful connection to ancient traditions and offers insights into how different cultures have approached the eternal questions of life, death, and religious practice.

Modern Context

Since the 1970s, changes in public health laws in Iran prohibited this traditional practice, and today’s Zoroastrians use modern burial methods. The Towers of Silence stand as historical monuments rather than active religious sites, though they remain culturally significant to the Zoroastrian community.

Visitor Tips

• Wear sturdy shoes for the climb up the hills
• Bring water and sun protection, as there is limited shade
• Visit in the early morning or late afternoon to avoid the midday desert heat
• Consider hiring a local guide who can explain the historical and religious context
• Approach the site with respect, remembering its sacred nature and historical significance

Best Time to Visit

The site is particularly atmospheric at sunrise or sunset when the desert light casts long shadows across the ancient structures. These times also offer relief from the intense heat that can make midday visits uncomfortable, especially in summer months.

Nearby Attractions

• Yazd Fire Temple: Home to a sacred fire that has been burning for over 1,500 years
• Old City of Yazd: A UNESCO World Heritage site with windcatchers, qanats, and historic mud-brick architecture
• Zoroastrian Museum: Located near the Fire Temple, offering further insights into this ancient religion