Hamedan: Ancient City at the Foot of Mount Alvand

Hamedan (also spelled Hamadan) is one of the oldest cities in Iran and possibly one of the oldest in the world. Located in western Iran at the foot of the majestic Mount Alvand, Hamedan served as the ancient capital of the Median Empire and later as a summer capital for several Persian dynasties. Today, it attracts visitors with its rich historical sites, cool climate, and unique blend of ancient and modern attractions.

Historical Significance

Hamedan’s history dates back to at least 1100 BCE when it was established as Ecbatana, the capital of the Median Empire. The city later became an important center during the Achaemenid, Parthian, and Sassanid dynasties. Its strategic location along the Silk Road further enhanced its significance as a commercial and cultural hub. Throughout its long history, Hamedan has been mentioned by many ancient historians, including Herodotus, who described its magnificent seven-walled citadel.

Key Attractions

• Tomb of Avicenna: This mausoleum honors the famous Persian polymath Avicenna (Ibn Sina), who made significant contributions to medicine, philosophy, and science. The structure, built in 1952, combines elements of ancient Persian and Islamic architecture and houses a small museum dedicated to his life and works.
• Gonbad-e Alavian: A masterpiece of Seljuk architecture dating back to the 12th century, this dome-shaped structure features some of the finest brick decorations and stucco work in Iran.
• Tomb of Baba Taher: This modern structure honors Baba Taher, a renowned 11th-century Persian poet known for his quatrains in the Hamedani dialect. The current mausoleum, built in 1970, features a distinctive tower design.
• Hegmataneh Hill: The archaeological remains of ancient Ecbatana, offering a glimpse into the city’s glorious past. Excavations have revealed the layout of the ancient city, including columns, fortifications, and various artifacts now displayed in the site’s museum.
• Stone Lion of Hamedan: This ancient statue, dating back to the Hellenistic era (likely 2nd century BCE), is a symbol of the city and a testament to its ancient history.

Natural Beauty

Hamedan’s position at the foot of Mount Alvand provides it with spectacular natural scenery and a pleasant climate, particularly in summer when many other Iranian cities experience extreme heat.

• Abbas Abad Complex: A recreational area with beautiful gardens, a large lake, and cable cars offering panoramic views of the city.
• Ganjnameh: Located on the slopes of Mount Alvand, this site features ancient rock inscriptions from the Achaemenid period alongside a beautiful waterfall and recreational facilities.
• Alvand Mountain: Popular for hiking in summer and skiing in winter, offering breathtaking views and an escape into nature.

Cultural Experiences

Hamedan’s rich cultural heritage is evident in its traditions, crafts, and cuisine:

• Traditional Bazaar: Explore the bustling central bazaar to discover local handicrafts, including leather goods, ceramics, and carpets.
• Pottery and Ceramics: Lalejin, a town near Hamedan, is renowned for its pottery and has been designated by UNESCO as the World Pottery City.
• Local Cuisine: Don’t miss trying local specialties like Koofteh Hamadani (large meatballs with plums and nuts) and Dampokht (a slow-cooked meat and rice dish).

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Hamedan is during late spring (May-June) and early fall (September-October) when the weather is pleasant. Summers are mild and comfortable, making it a popular destination for Iranians escaping the heat of other cities. Winters are cold with snowfall, which creates a beautiful landscape but can make travel more challenging.

Visitor Tips

• Plan at least 2-3 days to explore Hamedan’s main attractions and nearby sites.
• Consider visiting during the Subterranean World Festival in November to experience the city’s unique cave tourism.
• Bring comfortable walking shoes as many historical sites involve walking on uneven terrain.
• If visiting in winter, pack warm clothing as temperatures can drop significantly, especially at night.

Nearby Attractions

• Ali Sadr Cave: The world’s largest water cave, located about 75 km north of Hamedan, offering boat tours through its spectacular chambers.
• Lalejin: Known as the pottery capital of Iran, this town is perfect for those interested in traditional Persian ceramics.
• Alisadr Cave: One of the most remarkable natural attractions in Iran, featuring stunning stalactites and stalagmites, with parts accessible by boat.